ABSTRACT
Background: Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is a valuable diagnostic tool for the evaluation of the small intestine. Evidence shows that it is effective in the diagnosis of occult bleeding and superficial lesions that are not radiographicallyobserved. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of the capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis and management of the common gastrointestinal disorders.Methods: A retrospective chart review of a total of 326 candidates who have met the inclusion criteria and who underwent VCE from the period from January 2006 till December 2018.Results: The main indication for Video Capsule Endoscopy was small bowel overt gastrointestinal bleeding with 106 cases (32.6%) followed by iron deficiency anemia with 104 cases (32%). Capsule retention rate was observed in 11 cases (3.4%) 4 of which were crohn抯 disease patients (22.2%). Overall diagnostic yield was 36%, 64% for overt gastrointestinal bleeding and 41% for occult gastrointestinal bleeding. The most common reported positive finding was Angiodysplasia in 19.9% of cases, followed by ulcers in 13.8% of cases, followed by polyps in 8.3% of cases and erosions in 8% of cases.Conclusions: Video capsule endoscopy proved to be an essential diagnostic tool in gastrointestinal bleeding. Advantages of VCE include; less labor, higher resolution examination of mucosa, relative safety, and noninvasiveness. On the other hand, it does not offer intervention capabilities when compared with enteroscopy and its interpretation was sometimes difficult and time consuming. Risk of capsule retention remains significant especially in patients suffering from crohn抯 disease.
ABSTRACT
Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is closely related with ageing. The present study was conducted to assess the ability of transabdominal ultrasonography in diagnosing benign and/or malignant hypertrophy of the prostate.Methods: An observational study was done in the Department of Radiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Hospital (Deemed to be University), Sangli, Maharashtra, India of patients who had prostatomegaly on transabdominal ultrasound examination and underwent histopathological confirmation of the lesions from 1 October 2018 till 31 December 2018. The prostate gland was assessed for volume, echotexture, morphology, focal lesions and median lobe.Results: Out of 155 patient’s benign prostatic disease was diagnosed in 116 patients, while malignancy was detected in the rest of the 39 cases. Prostate specific antigen levels were significantly higher among malignant cases (18.39±7.44 ng/ml) as compared to that of benign cases (7.51±3.22 ng/ml), p value <0.01. Benign lesions were predominantly inner glandular, while malignant cases were mainly peripheral. Moderate vascularity was found in 76.9% of the malignant cases. Focal vascular asymmetry was found in 74.4% of the malignant cases and only 12% of the benign cases. Sensitivity of transabdominal ultrasonography in diagnosing malignant prostatic lesions was 94.8%, specificity was 75% with an overall accuracy of using transabdominal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of malignant prostatic lesions in this study population was 80%.Conclusions: Transabdominal ultrasound evaluation of prostate is a simple, economical, non-invasive technique of choice due to its high accuracy in detecting size, nature of pathology as benign or malignant with fair accuracy.